American troops led by General Andrew Jackson destroyed the outpost in 1816, killing or enslaving all inhabitants. This entry looks at the origins of maroon communities in Africa, their history of struggle and revolt in the New World, and their contemporary representation. gens de couleur. Members of the maroon community participating in a “beautiful boat” competition at a festival in Suriname. The Thirty Years War . When enslaved people escaped, they went to the mountains for safety. Faced with monumentally hostile conditions, they tactically established armed settlements because they were in constant danger of being recaptured or killed by European tyrants. Contemporary Maroon peoples' identities are rooted in memories of the collective struggles from which their societies emerged. It was almost axiomatic that grand marronage occurred whenever and wherever there was a sufficient number of willing and capable escapees and suitable refuges, and it succeeded for long periods when such persons and locations fulfilled certain basic criteria. Cas confirmés, mortalité, guérisons, toutes les statistiques The most famous of such settlements was Quilombo dos Palmares, in the northeastern part of Brazil. was a series of wars principally fought in Central Europe, It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, and … Now in its twenty-fifth anniversary edition, Maroon Societies is a systematic study of the communities formed by escaped slaves in the Caribbean, Latin America, and the United States. Maroons (Cimarrones)Maroons (Cimarrónes), African fugitive slaves. Now in its twenty-fifth anniversary edition, Maroon Societies is a systematic study of the communities formed by escaped slaves in the Caribbean, Latin America, and the United States. to hold a special significance for the study of slave societies, for they were both the antithesis of all that slavery stood for, and at the same time a widespread and embarrassingly visible part of these systems. It is estimated that 40 percent of the Africans imported to the Americas ended up in Brazil. Maroon societies were bands of communities or fugitive slaves who had succeeded in establishing a society of their own in some remote areas, where they could not easily be surprised by soldiers or slave catchers. Persuasively captures the quiet heroism of North American maroons. Maroon societies had several degrees of stability. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. < Resistance to Slavery to hold a special significance for the study of slave societies, for they were both the antithesis of all that slavery stood for, and at the same time a widespread and embarrassingly visible part of these systems. They sought greater political rights and later supported the Haitian Revolution. Large sections of all the colonies were uninhabited by whites. The first is that it memorializes and pays tribute to one of their last visions of home, the West African coast of the same name that was traversed by the newly enslaved Africans en route to the ship that would transport them to the west. https://www.britannica.com/topic/maroon-community, National Park Service - Network to Freedom - Maroon Slave Society, Central American and northern Andean Indian. Although they could be brutal at times, their efforts helped lift Europe out of the ‘Dark Ages’ and ushered in the Renaissance. Maroons are descendants of Africans in the Americas who formed settlements away from slavery. Now in its twenty-fifth anniversary edition, Maroon Societies is a systematic study of the communities formed by escaped slaves in the Caribbean, Latin America, and the United States. In 2003, UNESCO recognized the international significance of Maroon culture by naming their musical heritage a masterpiece of the oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. They stayed in Iberia for centuries. As increasing numbers of Africans escaped and joined their ranks, they took guerrilla warfare to new heights, burning and raiding plantations as well as poisoning slavers. Spain, fearful of British land claims, made this appeal to try and destabilize British colonies. The Significance of Maroon in One’s Personality. This Maroon-buccaneer alliance posed a serious challenge to Spanish hegemony in the region. Moreover, there was always the perpetual battle to physically sustain themselves because they were often left to forage for food, especially on the smaller islands of the Caribbean. Amanda Moore . In hemispheric context, the early Maroon communities of Jamaica -- those formed in the 17(th) century, during the late Spanish and early British periods -- were hardly unique. maroon resilience through the physical swamp muck and mire, an appealing alternative to bondage, to the present-day resilience of Black community memory of enslaved people’s historical agency, in spite of the metaphysical muck and mire, or the entanglement of race and power that too often silences the narrative of Black resistance. Posted on April 20, 2014 April 27, 2014 by keyanahbonita. Huffingtonpost.fr - 1er site d'actualité entièrement en ligne et gratuit en France*. This was often for naught because the maroons were led by fearless warriors who would stop at nothing to throw off the insidious chains of chattel slavery. While they were, from one perspective, the antithesis of all that slavery stood for, they were also a widespread and embarrassingly visible part of these systems. After this edit, slaves ran away in groups to St. Augustine and nearby Florida villages. Asian crops that were well established in Africa before the trans-Atlantic slave trade include taro (Colocasia esculenta), bananas (Musa sp.) “The other maroon societies had more fluidity,” says Bercaw. Her contributions to SAGE publications'. L'information qui vous concerne en continu: Environnement, Politique, International, Covid. Maroon settlements can be expected to answer questions of subsistence, structure and external contact, and are thus fundamental in understanding Maroon societies. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. The word “maroon” is an English corruption of the Spanish word “cimarron” meaning “wild, not tame” and was originally applied to livestock that that had escaped from a farm to run free in the woods. One of the goals of the Civil Rights Movement was integration, has this goal been accomplished? communities of runaway slaves, survival of african traditions such as house designs, community organizations and language in caribbean. The word maroon, first recorded in English in 1666, is by varying accounts taken from the French word marron, which translates to “runaway black slave,” or the American/Spanish cimarrón, which means “wild runaway slave,” “the beast who cannot be tamed,” or “living on mountaintops.” The Spanish originally used the word in reference to their stray cattle. Maroon Societies in the Caribbean The term marronage —derived from the Spanish word cimarron, originally applied to escaped cattle living in the wild—came to refer exclusively to the phenomenon of persons running away to escap Source for information on Maroon Societies in the Caribbean: Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History dictionary. 26.1 (1979): 50,. Rather than become slaves to new masters, vast numbers of Spanish slaves took this opportunity to join the Maroons in the hill country. Maroon Communities in the Americas Armed maroon, Surinam, 1770s. Through the use of slave labor, the production of sugar in this British colony flourished. Many of the groups are found in the Caribbean and, in general, throughout the Americas. See also Terry Weik, ‘The Archaeology of Maroon Societies in the Americas: Resistance, Cultural Continuity, and Transformation in the African Diaspora’, Historical Archaeology 31, no. To this, one must add the challenge of reproducing and multiplying their numbers. such, Maroon sites can inform us on the cultural conditions of people who are at the same time both ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ established society, and their study will potentially provide insight of theoretical significance far beyond local history and environment in the Caribbean. Choose from one set of maroon societies flashcards on Quizlet. abolitionism. Maroons also could be found in certain areas of North America, including the Great Dismal Swamp, straddling North Carolina and Virginia, and the Bas de Fleuve region of Louisiana. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. An obvious and very practical problem to archaeology is to locate Maroon settlements. Eric Foner, author of The Fiery Trial One of those rare books that is at once of scholarly significance and will engage a wide readership. 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