Trending. Tag: social epidemiology Team of Harvard Pop Center researchers publish paper on impact of unemployment on smoking and drinking A team of Harvard Pop Center researchers, including current Yerby Fellow Mariana Arcaya, and Pop Center-affiliated faculty members Maria Glymour, Ichiro Kawachi, and SV Subramanian, have published a paper in Social … 2016 Aug;59(2 ... Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. The third section evaluates, from the perspective of social epidemiology, two rights-based approaches to advancing health and health equity as compared to a view that focuses more broadly on social justice. Social Epidemiology of Depression and Anxiety by Gender Identity J Adolesc Health. In 2018-2019, associations among searching/posting measures and same state/year Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System reports of recent (past-30-day) alcohol use and maximum number of drinks consumed on an occasion were estimated using logistic and linear regression, adjusting for sociodemographics and Internet use, with moderation tested in regressions that included interactions of select searching/posting measures and the Alcohol Policy Scale. Stress during pregnancy is a salient risk factor for adverse obstetric outcomes. Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences -- and in many cases defines -- the fundamental determinants of health. Women with low social support, in poor health, or with a history of poor mental health are at an increased risk of having antepartum mental health problems. METHODS: We examined oral health status in a sample of 1453 adult Wisconsin residents who participated in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin Oral Health Screening project, conducted with the Wisconsin Department of Health Services during 2010. You may also like. She is an internationally recognized social epidemiologist whose work focuses extensivel… Ichiro Kawachi, MB.ChB., Ph.D., is the John L. Loeb and Frances Lehman Loeb Professor of Social Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. RESULTS: Of the women examined, 10.9% had a preterm birth. Addressing women's preconception health may have important downstream benefits for their children, although more research is needed to replicate these findings. Compared to women who never smoked, women who smoked prior to conception (AOR = 1.31; 95 % CI = 1.04-1.66) or during their last trimester (AOR = 1.98; 95 % CI = 1.56-2.52) were more likely to give birth to LBW infants. Harvard T.H. Nancy Krieger is a professor of social epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. RESULTS: Most US parents (62.6%) heard of HPV vaccines. Facebook Live Q&A with Nancy Krieger, Professor of Social Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Ichiro Kawachi, MD, PhD, is Professor of Social Epidemiology and Chair of the Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences at the Harvard School of Public Health, where he has taught for over 20 years. Dr. Nancy Krieger, Professor of Social Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. In order to examine if and how the effect of race/ethnicity and income on asthma self-efficacy may have been altered by health status, acculturation, and health care factors, we used staged multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: We found a gradient in the relationship between women's exposure to PSLEs and having a very low birth weight (VLBW) infant by NDI tertile; the association was strongest in disadvantaged neighborhoods (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 2.53), followed by middle (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.93) and advantaged (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.91, 1.82) neighborhoods. Chan School of Public Health and The World from PRX & WGBH Tuesday, July 21, 2020 The coronavirus pandemic has exposed entrenched health … Chan School of Public Health. Epidemiology Professor Marc Lipsitch, head of … Associated Schools. Chan School of Public Health, is an internationally recognized social epidemiologist who has been an activist and… METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis of asthma self-efficacy using the 2009 and 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey, in adults with asthma (n=7874). Caroline Buckee, associate professor of epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Harvard T.H. Author affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Individuals who perceived that stress affects their health and reported a large amount of stress had an increased risk of premature death. Poor preconception mental health was associated with increased odds of experiencing any pregnancy complication (AOR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.92), having a non-live birth (AOR 1.48, 95% CI: 0.96-2.27), and having a low birth weight baby (AOR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.00-3.98), all controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, health insurance status, income, and number of children in the household. Infant birthweight in the US: the role of preconception stressful life events and substance use. Parents were asked if they had ever heard of HPV vaccines or shots. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first nationally representative study to our knowledge to investigate the impact of PSLEs on very low and low birth weight in the United States. Social epidemiology, as defined by the textbook of the same name (Berkman et al., 2014) is "that branch of epidemiology concerned with the way that social structures, institutions, and … This link was substantiated in the first edition of Social Epidemiology, and the generation of research that followed has fundamentally changed the way we understand epidemiology and public health. This link was substantiated in the first edition of Social Epidemiology, and the generation of research that followed has fundamentally changed the way we understand epidemiology and public health. These disparities persisted after adjustment for confounders; the association between chronic disease and health was partially, but significantly, mediated by actual educational attainment. Marc Lipsitch, professor of epidemiology, Departments of Epidemiology and of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. In a line of research separate from BWHS, Nancy Krieger, professor of social epidemiology at the Harvard Chan School, found that early-life exposure to Jim Crow laws—which legalized racial discrimination in Southern U.S. states from the late 1870s through the mid-1960s—was associated with negative health effects decades later. Ichiro Kawachi, MD, PhD, is Professor of Social Epidemiology and Chair of the Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences at the Harvard School of Public Health, where he has taught for over 20 years. Adjusted path analyses examined associations between PSLEs, birth weight and child health outcomes. Ichiro Kawachi, MB.ChB., Ph.D., is the John L. Loeb and Frances Lehman Loeb Professor of Social Epidemiology at the Harvard T.H. We estimated the effect of exposure on preterm birth with weighted logistic regression, adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and health factors and stress during pregnancy. Chan School of Public Health. Take course on. In adjusted analyses, exposed women were 38% more likely to have a very low birth weight infant than nonexposed women. The relationship between income and self-efficacy was no longer significant after further adjustment for health care factors; however, the differences in race and ethnicity persisted. YCMC reported significantly worse general health, lower life satisfaction, and lower psychological well-being in young adulthood than did their healthy peers. RESULTS: Youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMCs) did not report significantly lower educational aspirations than their healthy peers; however, YCMC reported lower expectations for their educational attainment and fewer YCMC had earned their desired degree by the end of follow-up (e.g., ≥bachelor's degree: 19.9% for YCMC vs. 26.0% for peers, p < .05). Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences -- and in many cases defines -- the fundamental determinants of health. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that costs were a primary predictor of access to care and poor oral health status. Social epidemiology draws on methodologies and theoretical frameworks from many disciplines, and research overlaps with several social science fields, most notably economics, medical anthropology, medical sociology, health psychology and medical geography, as well as many domains of epidemiology. RESULTS: Twenty percent of women experienced any PSLE. In adjusted analyses, women aged 15 to 19 years who experienced any PSLE had over a 4-fold increased risk for having a preterm birth. What is Epidemiology? Social networks consist of two elements: individuals (nodes) and the social ties between them. 2010-Present Faculty Associate, Institute of Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University 2010-Present Faculty Member, Program in Quantitative Genomics, Harvard University 2009-Present Faculty Member, Program on Causal Inference, Harvard School of Public Health 2009 August Visiting Associate Professor, University of Chicago, Department of Health Studies . Students who searched for Social Epidemiology Graduate Programs found the links, articles, and information on this page helpful. BACKGROUND: The life course perspective suggests a pathway may exist among maternal exposure to stressful life events prior to conception (PSLEs), infant birth weight and subsequent offspring health, whereby PSLEs are part of a 'chains-of-risk' that set children on a certain health pathway. Latinos (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51-0.86), African-Americans (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.29-0.83), American Indian/Alaskan Natives (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.31-0.98) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.23-0.52) were less likely to report high self-efficacy compared to Whites. Associations varied with exposure to high versus low levels of state policy controls on alcohol. Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (n = 9,350). OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine if and to what extent a woman's exposure to stressful life events prior to conception (PSLEs) were associated with subsequent infant birth weight by using a nationally representative sample of US women. Social epidemiology is defined as "The branch of epidemiology that studies the social distribution and social determinants of health," [1] that is, "both specific features of, and pathways by which, societal conditions affect health." Social Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Facebook Live Q&A with Nancy Krieger, Professor of Social Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. The objectives of this study were to determine if racial and ethnic differences in personal capital during pregnancy exist and to estimate the extent to which any identified racial and ethnic differences in personal capital are related to differences in maternal sociodemographic and acculturation characteristics. The authors of this groundbreaking text define social epidemiology as the study of the social determinants of health, implying that an important goal of public health is to identify and address factors in the social environment that may be related to health outcomes. Among drinkers, most searching/posting measures were associated with maximum number of drinks consumed (p<0.0001). While epidemiology is "the study of the distribution and determinants of states of health in populations", social epidemiology is "that branch of epidemiology concerned with the way that social structures, institutions, and relationships influence health." We used pooled 1996-2006 data from the nationally-representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Findings support using novel personally generated data to monitor alcohol use and possibly evaluate effects of alcohol control policies. BACKGROUND: Improved parental awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines could increase uptake of vaccines early in the life course, thereby reducing adolescents' later risk for HPV infection and cancer. This research includes "both specific features of, and pathways by which, societal conditions affect health". Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences -- and in many cases defines -- the fundamental determinants of health. OBJECTIVES: We used objective oral health screening and survey data to explore individual-, psychosocial-, and community-level predictors of oral health status in a statewide population of adults. Significant factors among both groups included never being married and self-reported fair/poor health status. Our findings indicate that experiencing greater stress relative to personal capital during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for pregnancy complications, PTB, and lower gestational age and that pregnancy complications may be a mechanism by which the SCR is related to adverse obstetric outcomes. Once all the nodes and ties are known, one can draw pictures of the network and discern every person’s location within it, placing each individual in social space analogous to geographic space. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Chan School of Public Health. Achetez et téléchargez ebook Methods in Social Epidemiology: Research Design and Methods (Public Health/Epidemiology and Biostatistics Book 8) (English Edition): Boutique Kindle - … The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among preconception stressful life events (PSLEs), women's alcohol and tobacco use before and during pregnancy, and infant birthweight. Chan School of Public Health. Chan School of Public Health and The World from PRX & GBH Tuesday, November 17, 2020 As the coronavirus pandemic grinds on, how are people coping with ongoing needs to social distance, wear masks, stay at home and undertake other measures to keep themselves and others safe? Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences — and in many cases defines — the fundamental determinants of health. This link was substantiated in the first edition of Social Epidemiology, and the generation of research that followed has fundamentally changed the way we understand epidemiology and public health. Please Note: Contact information is listed alphabetically by last name. METHODS: We examined 9350 mothers and infants participating in the first wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort in 2001. The preconception period represents an opportunity to intervene and improve outcomes; however little is known about women's mental health prior to pregnancy as a predictor of such outcomes. Exposure to PSLEs was defined by indications of death of a parent, spouse, or previous live born child; divorce or marital separation; or fertility problems prior to conception. Data are from the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby study (n = 3,716). 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He has taught at the The Harvard Chan School since 1992. This new edition of Social Epidemiology elevates the field again, first … CONCLUSIONS: High amounts of stress and the perception that stress impacts health are each associated with poor health and mental health. Professor of Social Epidemiology; Chair of the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the Harvard T.H. Oral health equity and unmet dental care needs in a population-based sample: findings from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin. We used staged multivariable logistic regression to estimate the effects of women's substance use and PSLEs on the risk of having a very low (<1,500 g, VLBW) or low (1,500-2,499 g, LBW) birthweight infant, adjusting for confounders. Emily Harrison is a Postdoctoral Fellow in Epidemiology and the History of Science at Harvard University. The balance between stress and personal capital during pregnancy and the relationship with adverse obstetric outcomes: findings from the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby (LAMB) study. Dr. Barber received a Doctor of Science (ScD) degree in Social Epidemiology from the Harvard T.H. He … Separate logistic regression models were used to examine the factors associated with current health status and psychological distress. Pregnancy complications and poor birth outcomes can affect the survival and long-term health of children. Survey data determined alcohol and tobacco usage during the 3 months prior to and in the final 3 months of pregnancy. Chan School of Public Health. Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences — and in many cases defines — the fundamental determinants of health. Social epidemiology is the study of how social interactions—social norms, laws, institutions, conventia, social conditions and behavior—affect the health of populations. We used longitudinal, nationally representative data to evaluate the relation between maternal exposure to PSLEs and subsequent measures of infant and toddler health, taking both maternal and obstetric characteristics into account. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis suggests a chains-of-risk model in which women's exposure to PSLEs increases the risk for giving birth to a VLBW infant, which, in turn, adversely affects infant and toddler health. Holding a PhD in the History of Science and an SM from the Harvard School of Public Health, her work addresses the culture, politics, and ethics of measurement in public health and community medicine. Searching/posting measures were created for all 50 U.S. states plus Washington, D.C. Survey reports of alcohol use and summaries of state alcohol policies were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (data, 2014-2016) and the Alcohol Policy Scale. We examined data on 3,051 pregnant women from 11 panels of the 1996-2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Personal capital comprised internal resources (self-esteem and mastery) and social resources (partner, social network, and neighborhood support) during pregnancy. Her research focuses on the intersection of “place, race, and health” and examines the role of structural racism (i.e. Individuals who self-reported unmet need for dental care were 4 times as likely to have untreated cavities as were those who did not report such a need, after controlling for sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences - and in many cases defines - the fundamental determinants of health. Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences -- and in many cases defines -- the fundamental determinants of health. CONCLUSIONS: Women who experienced PSLEs, who had chronic conditions, or were racial/ethnic minorities had the greatest risk of having VLBW infants if they lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods; this suggests exacerbation of risk within disadvantaged environments. Does the perception that stress affects health matter? Chan School of Public Health Presented jointly by The Forum at the Harvard T.H. MODERATOR . This research was funded by the National Institutes of Health (grant R01CA222147). Chan School of Public Health is the public health school of Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts.The school grew out of the Harvard-MIT School for Health Officers, the nation's first graduate training program in population health, which was founded in 1913 and then became the Harvard School of Public Health in 1922. Chan School of Public Health and The World from PRX & WGBH Tuesday, July 21, 2020 The coronavirus pandemic has exposed entrenched health inequities in the U.S. that are Read More… Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the odds of parental awareness of HPV vaccines, controlling for relevant covariates. Chan School of Public Health and The World from PRX & WGBH Tuesday, July 21, 2020 The coronavirus pandemic has exposed entrenched health inequities in the U.S. that are Read More… Women exposed to PSLEs smoked nearly five additional packs of cigarettes in the 3 months prior to pregnancy (97 cigarettes, p = 0.011) and consumed 0.31 additional alcoholic drinks during the last 3 months of pregnancy than unexposed women. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether the effects of preconception stressful life events (PSLEs) on birth weight differed by neighborhood disadvantage. Chan School of Public Health and Director of the HSPH Interdisciplinary Concentration on Women, Gender, and Health. Racial and ethnic disparities in personal capital during pregnancy: findings from the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby (LAMB) study. Kawachi received both his medical degree and Ph.D. (epidemiology) from the University of Otago, New Zealand. Social epidemiology seeks to understand the ways in which social, political, cultural and economic circumstances influence our chances for a healthy life. Chan School of Public Health. Preconception mental health predicts pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes: a national population-based study. Results: Recent alcohol use was reported by 52.93% of 1,297,168 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System respondents, which was associated with all state-level searching/posting measures in unadjusted and adjusted models (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Addressing modifiable health care factors may play an important role in reducing disparities in asthma self-efficacy. Disparities in human papillomavirus vaccine awareness among U.S. parents of preadolescents and adolescents. Chan School of Public Health. Receiving an asthma management plan mediated the relationship in certain subgroups. Persistent differences in asthma self-efficacy by race, ethnicity, and income in adults with asthma. The integrative social MPE model can embrace sociology, economics and precision medicine, address global health disparities and inequalities, and elucidate biological effects of social environments, behaviors and networks. She has been a member of the School’s faculty since 1995. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between preconception mental health and pregnancy complications, non-live birth, and having a low birth weight baby within the follow up period. He has taught at Harvard … It incorporates the concepts and methods of population health. Kawachi I(1), Subramanian SV(2). Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States. Data were collected in 2001. We sought to estimate the prevalence of antepartum mental health problems and determine potential risk factors in a representative USA population. Women who experienced any PSLE were more likely to give birth to VLBW infants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.35; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-1.66) than women who did not experience any PSLE. PSLEs are associated with tobacco use before pregnancy and alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy. Poor preconception mental health was defined as women's global mental health rating of "fair" or "poor" before conception. Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences -- and in many cases defines -- the fundamental determinants of health. Significant racial and ethnic disparities exist for pregnancy complications and non-live births, but not for low birth weight. Multivariable results revealed parents of children who were older, female, and insured were more likely to have heard of HPV vaccines; parents who were female, white (non-Hispanic), English speakers, born in the United States, married or living with a partner, more educated, and had higher income were also more likely to be aware of HPV vaccines. Facebook Live Q&A with Nancy Krieger, Professor of Social Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health’s Nancy Krieger discusses the impact that COVID-19 is having on communities of color. Kawachi received both his medical degree and Ph.D. (in epidemiology) from the University of Otago, New Zealand. Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences -- and in many cases defines -- the fundamental determinants of health. (function($) {window.fnames = new Array(); window.ftypes = new Array();fnames[0]='EMAIL';ftypes[0]='email';fnames[1]='FNAME';ftypes[1]='text';fnames[2]='LNAME';ftypes[2]='text';fnames[3]='MMERGE3';ftypes[3]='text';fnames[4]='MMERGE4';ftypes[4]='text';}(jQuery));var $mcj = jQuery.noConflict(true); Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Copyright © 2020 The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Harvard T.H. Wakeel F, Witt WP, Wisk LE, Lu MC, Chao SM, Wakeel F, Wisk LE, Gee R, Chao SM, Witt WP, Witt WP, Wisk LE, Cheng ER, Hampton JM, Hagen EW, Copyright © 2020 The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Online Searching and Social Media to Detect Alcohol Use Risk at Population Scale, Expectancy and Achievement Gaps in Educational Attainment and Subsequent Adverse Health Effects Among Adolescents With and Without Chronic Medical Conditions. Using data from the 2007 Los Angeles Mommy and Baby study (N = 3,353), we examined the relationships between the balance of stress and personal capital during pregnancy, or the stress-to-capital ratio (SCR), and adverse obstetric outcomes (i.e., pregnancy complications, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA)). Chan School of Public Health Presented jointly by The Forum at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Presented jointly by The Forum at the Harvard T.H. METHODS: We examined 9350 mothers and infants participating in the first wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, a nationally representative sample of US women and children born in 2001, to investigate the impact of PSLEs on preterm birth in the United States. As personal capital during pregnancy may influence subsequent maternal and child health outcomes, the development of interventions should consider addressing sociodemographic and acculturation factors in order to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in personal capital and ultimately in poor maternal and child health outcomes. Chan School of Public Health and The World from PRX & WGBH Tuesday, July 21, 2020 However, socioeconomic status (i.e., income and education) and marital status completely explained Black-White disparities and Hispanic-White disparities in personal capital, whereas acculturation factors, especially nativity and language spoken at home, partially mediated the disparities in personal capital between Asian/Pacific Islander women and White women. Both higher levels of reported stress and the perception that stress affects health were independently associated with an increased likelihood of worse health and mental health outcomes. The association with health and mortality. The generation of research that followed the publication of the first edition of this title has fundamentally changed the way we understand epidemiology and public health. Data were collected in 2001. July 21st, 2020 Part of: Coronavirus Pandemic Series, Policy Controversies. Mental health problems disproportionately affect women, particularly during childbearing years. Author information: (1)Harvard T.H. METHODS: Longitudinal data on 3,518 youths are from the 1997-2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a population-based survey. This link was substantiated in the first edition of Social Epidemiology, and the generation of research that followed has fundamentally changed the way we understand epidemiology and public health. Social epidemiology, as defined by the textbook of the same name (Berkman et al., 2014) is “that branch of epidemiology concerned with the way that social structures, institutions, and relationships influence health” (p. 2). Chan School of Public Health. Weighted regressions estimated the effect of exposure on very low and low birth weight, adjusting for maternal sociodemographic and health factors and stress during pregnancy. If you have any changes to your contact information, please contact Kathleen Comber. Facebook Live Q&A with Nancy Krieger, Professor of Social Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Asthma self-efficacy may play an important role in reducing disparities in personal capital during:... Impact on infant birth weight found significant disparities in self-efficacy by race/ethnicity and.! World influences -- and in many cases defines -- the fundamental determinants of health., Boston, MA,. Bases of health. grant R01CA222147 ) concepts and methods of population health. were! Final 3 months of pregnancy evaluate which of these factors might mediate disparities in oral health status across all,... Is critical to improve the long-term health of Wisconsin stress during pregnancy are risk. 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( grant R01CA222147 ), Departments social epidemiology harvard epidemiology that studies the social world influences and! Defines — the fundamental determinants of antepartum mental health predicts pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes 9! Factors in a representative USA population, special healthcare needs and severe health conditions data to alcohol. Healthy peers MB.ChB., Ph.D., is the study of how the social world influences and... Medical degree and Ph.D. ( in epidemiology ) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal study, birth Cohort n!