At Versailles, the collections include a major work commemorating this historic moment: the “"Proclamation of the Abolition of Slavery in the French Colonies" by French artist François-Auguste Biard. Summoning of the Estates General at Versailles, 5 May 1789, by Auguste Couder, © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de  Versailles) / Daniel Arnaudet / Gérard Blot. The scene painted by Roll was one of the first major, symbolic republican ceremonies held in France. By 2024, the Great Stables at the Palace of Versailles will be home to a campus of excellence dedicated to arts & crafts and heritage. Das Schloss Versailles (französisch château de Versailles) in der gleichnamigen Nachbarstadt von Paris ist eine der größten Palastanlagen Europas und war von der Mitte des 17. Clearly inspired by ancient Greek art, David’s works usually depicted their heroes in the nude. Displayed in the Coronation Chamber, this painting is in fact a copy of an original representation of the scene, also painted by David ... and now on display at the Louvre! On 17 June 1789, the deputies of the Third Estate, together with some members of the Nobility and the Clergy, formed themselves into a “National Assembly”. Storming of the Tuileries Palace, 10 August 1792 - Jacques BertauxLe lien vers le site collection. The Palace of Versailles was important because, for the members of the … This painting by Jacques Bertaux depicts the struggle between the king’s Swiss Guards and the sans-culottes. Charles X, King of France - François GérardLe lien vers le site collection. In this brand new short film, go behind the scenes of this historic occasion (English subtitles available). Louis-Napoleon took the title Napoleon III. A fragment of this unfinished canvas can be found in the attics of the Palace of Versailles…, The Tennis Court Oath, Jacques-Louis David. The King’s Household was completely overhauled. Version française : http://youtu.be/N2hoOMmXeyk What did Versailles look like before Louis XIV? Unsere Redaktion hat eine riesige Auswahl an Hersteller & Marken ausführlich verglichen und wir zeigen unseren Lesern hier unsere Ergebnisse unseres Vergleichs. During the night of 4 August 1789, while the National Constituent Assembly was working on establishing the future constitution of the country, it voted to abolish feudal rights and privileges. The orchestra launched into “Oh Richard, Oh my king” from the opera “Richard the Lionheart”. The Women's March on Versailles in October 1789 is often credited with forcing the royal court and family to move from the traditional seat of government in Versailles to Paris, a major and early turning point in the French Revolution . The Tennis Court Oath was sworn on 20 June 1789, with the assembled deputies vowing not to dissolve their session until they had endowed France with a written Constitution. The period we know as the French Revolution, starting in earnest in 1789, was a time of dramatic transformation in France. Louis-Philippe was at pains to emphasise his break with monarchical tradition. Find out more about Victor Hugo ... with our video (english subtitles): Aurore Dupin, better known as George Sand, was also a staunch critic of the Empire. What happened to the palace after the French Revolution? The “statements of grievances” entrusted to the deputies present helped the king understand what his people wanted. On 10 August 1792 a mob invaded the Tuileries Palace in central Paris, where Louis XVI had been staying since he was forced to leave Versailles in October 1789. The abolition of privileges by the National Assembly. One hundred years on from the French Revolution, as France entered the period now known as the “Belle Époque,” a remarkable sense of enthusiasm, nostalgia, curiosity and excitement grew up around Versailles and the Ancien Régime. However, the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 put an abrupt end to this optimistic era. Built to act as the official residence of the French monarchy during the reign of Louis XIV, the Palace still held this status under Louis XVI. The deputies of the Third Estate, however, demanded one vote per head. The discussions were supposed to lead to a vote on how to reform the kingdom’s economy, but the deputies of the Clergy and the Nobility demanded that voting take place by order, thus guaranteeing them the majority. But bad harvests and price increases led to riots and revolt in the provinces and the Paris region. Napoleon I is shown here in a portrait by François Gérard, himself a pupil of David : Napoleon I, Emperor of the French - Gérard FrançoisLe lien vers le site collection. The self-elected “National Assembly” reconstituted itself as the “National Constituent Assembly” from 9 July 1789. © RMN-Grand Palais (Château de Versailles) / Gérard Blot. A few days later, on 15 July 1789, the storming of the Bastille, in Paris, caused a real panic at Versailles. Engaging essays describe methods of transportation, the elaborate codes of dress and etiquette, precious diplomatic gifts, royal audiences, and tours of the buildings and gardens. History >> French Revolution The Women's March on Versailles was an important event at the start of the French Revolution. At this time, the king was hunting at Meudon, while Marie-Antoinette was walking on the Trianon estate. The King had become increasingly conservative and removed from the French people: the July Monarchy came to an end with his abdication, on 24 February 1848. The prevailing instability and growing political dissent forced Louis XVI to summon the Estates General which opened on 5 May 1789 at the Menus-Plaisirs building in Versailles. In 1830 the king was overthrown by a revolution which took place on 27, 28 and 29 July, subsequently dubbed the “Three Glorious Days." The Palace of Versailles now houses the immense canvas painted by Jacques-Louis David to commemorate the occasion: Consecration of Napoleon and coronation of Joséphine at Notre-Dame de Paris, 2 December 1804 - Jacques-Louis DavidLe lien vers le site collection. In July 1870, France declared war on Prussia. One hundred years on from the French Revolution, as France entered the period now known as the “Belle Époque,” a remarkable sense of enthusiasm, nostalgia, curiosity and excitement grew up around Versailles and the Ancien Régime. On 28 June 1919, the defeated Germans signed a peace treaty in that very same room. The Versailles archives include a fragment of the abandoned painting. He declared himself to be “the people’s greatest friend”. During the Estates General of 1789, Louis XVI took on the role of the peacemaker king. The following year saw another famous victory at Jena, as shown in this celebrated work by Horace Vernet: Battle of Jena, 14 October 1806 - Horace VernetLe lien vers le site collection. Entrenched at Versailles, the new government led by Adolphe Thiers sent in the army – dubbed the "Versaillais" – to suppress the Communards. Vernet’s vision is somewhat detached from reality, since he fails to include the riots which actually took place in the capital in the last days of July. French Revolution Targets Versailles French women wielding scythes and banging drums storm the palace of Versailles on October 6, 1789 during the French Revolution. The book covers the fate of the French monarchy after the Revolution of 1789 - a neglected topic which shows Louis XVI as a much more capable individual than the traditional picture suggests and reveals a constitutional settlement which, though never truly believed in by King or People, might nevertheless have succeeded. It is located in the department of Yvelines, in the region of Île-de-France, about 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of the centre of Paris. As the war raged, the Palace of Versailles went into action too: artworks were protected against the risk of bombing, tours were arranged for wounded soldiers, charitable activities were hosted in the gardens, the palace was used for political events… Versailles undoubtedly played a role in the war effort. However, political circumstances conspired against this grand project, which would forever remain in draft form only. Versailles is historically known for numerous treaties such as the Treaty of Paris, which ended the American Revolution, and the Treaty of Versailles, after World War I. Forced into exile, Charles X fled to England. On 18 Brumaire of the Year VIII (9 November 1799), a coup d'état overthrew the Directory which had ruled France since 1795. He instead took the title King of the French, breaking with established royal tradition. The angry crowd demanded that King Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and their children return to Paris. Versailles at the heart of the French Revolution The whole period, which really began in 1789, was one of profound political, social and economic upheaval in France. The Tennis Court Oath, 20 June 1789 - Jacques-Louis DavidLe lien vers le site collection. Almost 220 years later, the Golden Gate was restored to its former glory. The 80-meter steel gate, which was decorated with 100,000 leaves of gold, was destroyed. He received a delegation of women, to whom he made many promises. At the head of the new government was a First Consul: Napoleon Bonaparte. Successive presidents attempted to rally the nation around certain shared values: the Marseillaise became the national anthem, 14 July became a national holiday, and efforts were made to highlight the positive reforms of the French Revolution. The emperor abdicated, this time for good, and was exiled to the English-owned island of Saint Helena. Alle hier gelisteten Schloss in versailles sind jederzeit bei Amazon.de zu haben und dank der schnellen Lieferzeiten in weniger als 2 Tagen bei Ihnen. Did you know? Die Wirren der französischen Revolution überlebte das Instrument, wenn auch stark angeschlagen und war zur Zeit Louis-Philippes nur noch eingeschränkt spielbar. Organising a banquet when the people were starving was too much for Marat, Danton and Desmoulins, who called for a march on Versailles. The bodyguards had decided to organise a banquet to mark the arrival of the new Flanders regiment. Louis XVIII is shown here in a portrait by Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin: Louis XVIII, King of France - Paulin GuérinLe lien vers le site collection. Why not revise your French history with a little help from the works in the museum, and the digital content created by the Palace of Versailles?Rediscover the history of France from the French Revolution to the interwar period, thanks to our treasure trove of artworks, videos, expert analyses and 3D content. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours. Louis-Philippe promised a new regime inspired by the British model: a parliamentary monarchy. This defeat forced Napoleon III to abdicate, bringing his reign to an end on 4 September 1870. Later that year the French army won a decisive victory at Austerlitz, as depicted here by François Gérard: Battle of Austerlitz, 2 December 1805 - François GérardLe lien vers le site collection. On 5 October 1789, a procession of women, accompanied by a few men, met at Versailles. Hailing from Provence, he earned the nickname “the people’s orator” for his flair and charisma.The portrait shown here was painted by Jean-Baptiste Gibert. At the same time, the National Constituent Assembly decreed that the future constitution would be preceded by a declaration of rights. You’re probably already familiar with “Liberty Leading the People,” the famous painting by Eugène Delacroix now on display at the Louvre ... That work is a symbolic evocation of those three days of revolution, which resulted in Louis-Philippe I – the son of the Duc d'Orléans, and thus scion of the cadet branch of the Bourbon dynasty – being elevated to the throne. On 31 July 1830 he left the Palais-Royal and headed for the Hôtel de Ville. Palacefrom 9:00 am to 5:30 pmclosed on Mondays, Estate of Trianonfrom 12:00 pm to 5:30 pmclosed on Mondays, Coach Galleryfrom 12:30 pm to 5:30 pmclosed on Mondays, + 33 1 30 83 78 00price of a call to France, Musical Fountains Shows and Musical Gardens, reunited royal family left Versailles on 6 October 1789, Research centre of the Palace of Versailles. The Tennis Court Oath was taken on 20 June 1789. On 18 May 1804, Napoleon became the first Emperor of the French. This new regime was to be known as the July Monarchy. The photograph below was taken in February 1915, and shows a military parade in the palace’s Honour Courtyard: Soldiers perform drill in the Honour Courtyard of the Palace, February 1915. As the centre of the French court, Versailles was one of the grandest theatres of European absolutism. It is located in the city of Versailles, Yvelines département, Île-de-France région, northern France, 10 miles (16 km) west-southwest of Paris. In 1830, Louis-Philippe I became king. In 1824 Charles X, brother of Kings Louis XVIII and Louis XVI, was the next member of the Bourbon dynasty to ascend to the throne as King of France. In 1855, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom was hosted at Versailles during her state visit: Queen Victoria visits the Queen’s Hamlet at the Petit Trianon, 21 August 1855 - Karl GirardetLe lien vers le site collection. Schlösser und Burgen - in ganz Bayern. The newspapers painted the banquet as an orgy and suggested that the tricolour cockade be trampled underfoot. He even said to the Count of Gouvernet, who was remaining at Versailles in command of the National Guard: “You are in charge here – please try to save my poor Versailles.” But the Palace and the town quickly emptied of their occupants…. Versailles, from the French Revolution to the interwar period. Napoleon’s rule became increasingly authoritarian. His consecration took place in the Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris, with the Pope himself in attendance, on 2 December of that year. The Palace of Versailles was the principal royal residence of France from 1682, under Louis XIV, until the start of the French Revolution in 1789, under Louis XVI. During the Women’s March on Versailles—one of the Revolution’s earliest and most important events—thousands of people besieged the palace, demanding a more fair and favorable price of bread in Parisian markets. The revolution of 1848 thrust France into the age of democracy. Artist Jacques-Louis David planned to paint a large-scale work representing the scene in the Royal Tennis Court. This prominent literary figure combined her crusade against poverty with the fight for greater recognition of women’s rights. It is on display in the Gallery of Coaches, near the palace... or in your own home, thanks to our virtual tour: Charles X’s coronation ceremony was grandiose but outdated, stoking the growing public unease that his rule represented an unwelcome return to the past. Take part in the history of the palace of Versailles by supporting a project that suits you: adopt a linden tree, contribute to the missions of the Palace or participate in the refurnishing of the royal apartments. Defeat at the Battle of Sedan on 1 September 1870 forced Napoleon III to surrender to Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, and his chief minister Otto von Bismarck. Versailles? Political transformation first and foremost, but social transformation too. The French Revolution which started in 1789 almost destroyed the Palace of Versailles. As a result of Louis XVI’s indecision and the general contempt for Marie-Antoinette, the blame for the crisis ended up being laid at the young couple’s door. Louis XVI acceded to the French throne on 10 May 1774, upon the death of his grandfather, Louis XV. The queen, having been alerted, returned to her apartments and the king returned to the Palace. These overt displays of loyalty to the monarchy sparked rage in Paris. David gradually came to be regarded as the official artist of the imperial regime. Versailles at the heart of the French Revolution. Follow the live of the restoration of this architectural masterpiece. More than forty years after its last major restoration, the Royal Chapel is requiring an urgent intervention on the roof timbers, the roof and decorative lead work, the statues and the window frames and stained glass. To find out more about Napoleon I, watch this video (english subtitles): Between 1814 and 1830, France was once again ruled by kings from the House of Bourbon. Convinced that he had an important political role to play, and keen to distance himself from his cousins and predecessors Louis XVIII and Charles X, Louis-Philippe refused to be crowned King of France. Senses were on high alert and the first courtiers started to abandon the Palace, including the counts and countesses of Artois, the king’s younger brother and sister-in-law, and also the Polignacs, for whom the greatest criticism was reserved. Discussing the articles of the armistice signed at Versailles on 28 January 1871 - Gustave Janet / Alphonse-Séverin MorelLe lien vers le site collection, Following the fall of Napoleon III, a new Republic was proclaimed. The whole period, which really began in 1789, was one of profound political, social and economic upheaval in France. Charles X is shown here returning to Paris after his coronation, on 6 June 1825: Entrance of Charles X to Paris, after his coronation at Reims - Louis-François LejeuneLe lien vers le site collection. The kingdom of France’s expenditure was cut right back, as was the lifestyle of the members of the royal family. The constant wars between France and her neighbours weakened the Empire. On 9 August 1830 he swore an oath before the assembled Chambers of Parliament to abide by the Constitutional Charter (the Charter of 1830, proclaimed on 14 August). In 1722, however, it was returned to its status as royal residence. More than thirty years after the onset of the French Revolution, he sought to embody the continuity of the French monarchy. Based on a wealth of contemporary documents and surviving works of art, this lavish book explores the experiences of those who flocked to the palace and grounds of Versailles when it was the seat of the French monarchy. Unlike his predecessors, Louis XVIII refused to take up residence at Versailles and even declined the traditional coronation ceremony. Defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, on 18 June 1815, marked the end of Napoleon’s reign: Battle of Waterloo, 18 June 1815 - Clément-Auguste AndrieuxLe lien vers le site collection. As part of this strategy, the Palace of Versailles was used on many occasions as a sort of diplomatic tool, playing host to a number of foreign heads of state. When the French Revolution began, rioters landed at the gates of the Palace. Palace of Versailles, former French royal residence and centre of government, now a national landmark. When Napoleon abdicated he ascended to the throne as Louis XVIII, "by the grace of God, King of France and Navarre.” He is shown here ceremonially entering Paris by the Porte Saint-Denis on 3 May 1814: Ceremonial entrance of H.M Louis XVIII into Paris by the Porte Saint-Denis, 3 May 1814 - Pierre-Michel AlixLe lien vers le site collection. Louis XIV, the Palace of Versailles, absolute monarchy… Why don’t we take a closer look at the emergence of the nation state in early modern France? It can be used without an Internet connection. The palace fell under the control of the new republican government.Many of its furnishings were sold to help pay for the subsequent Revolutionary Wars. You can see the deputies of the Third Estate, along with some members of the clergy and nobility, meeting in the Royal Tennis Court, a short walk from the palace. But the court system established by Louis XIV and continued by Louis XV and Louis XVI was starting to become expensive, and the public was becoming increasingly agitated over what it saw as waste. Frauenmarsch in Versailles: Französische Revolution Thoughtco Mar 21, 2020 Dem Frauenmarsch in Versailles im Oktober 1789 wird oft zugeschrieben, den königlichen Hof und die Familie gezwungen zu haben vom traditionellen Regierungssitz in Versailles nach Paris zu ziehen, ein wichtiger und früher Wendepunkt in das Französische Revolution . In 1814 Napoleon abdicated, paving the way for the ascension of Louis XVIII, brother of Louis XVI, to the throne (see below); but he subsequently returned for a period known as the “Hundred Days,” ruling from 1st March to 7 July 1815. The plan was to depict the deputies in their finery and in action. Nicknamed “Napoleon the Little” by Victor Hugo, one of France’s greatest writers, the emperor was the subject of fierce criticism. On 23 June 1789, three days after the deputies’ first meeting, the army attempted to evict them from the Royal Tennis Court. Dissent quickly broke out among the deputies. This vote was one of the key moments of the French Revolution. The challenge facing the fledgling Third Republic was to win the backing of a majority of French citizens, and in doing so to instil a genuinely republican culture. Artist Eugène Devéria captured this historic scene in a painting which you can explore in the video below (english subtitles): Louis-Philippe, the "Citizen King,” sought to distance himself from both the preceding monarchy and the Republic. The Palace of Versailles found itself at the very heart of the revolution. Gradually, the Palace of Versailles emptied of its occupants, even though the king himself seemed in no hurry to leave. The work was intended to depict the deputies in action, in their contemporary garb. Marie Antoinette’s last words were “pardon me, I meant not to do it.” She had stepped on the executioner’s foot on the way to the guillotine. President Carnot is thus celebrating the birth of the French Republic in the heart of the historic domain of the Kings of France: the new republic extending an olive branch to the royal past. The French Revolution began in 1789, as the people of France pushed to overthrow the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI. Napoleon III’s reign nevertheless ran up against opposition from many quarters, not least Parisian literary circles. The Second Republic represented a clear break with previous political regimes, introducing universal male suffrage and definitively abolishing the practice of slavery in French colonies. France, defeated and invaded by the Prussians, witnessed the proclamation of the German Empire  in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles. Napoleon Bonaparte as First Consul - anonymous, after a work by Robert LefèvreLe lien vers le site collection. Inside the Palace, the famous Gallery of Battles, inaugurated in June 1837, perfectly embodies Louis-Philippe unifying ambitions. Visitors to Versailles: From Louis XIV to the French Revolution (Metropolitan Museum of Art (MAA) (YUP)) Die berühmtesten Bauwerke der Welt: UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe in 3 D Most of the furniture was either stolen or sold at auction, though many of the paintings were preserved and brought to the Louvre. On the one hand, the monarchists intended to reinstate a King; on the other, the "Communards" refused to accept the defeat at the hands of the Prussians and attempted to establish their own “social” republic. This famous peace treaty definitively marked the end of the First World War. Palacefrom 9:00 am to 5:30 pmclosed on Mondays, Estate of Trianonfrom 12:00 pm to 5:30 pmclosed on Mondays, Coach Galleryfrom 12:30 pm to 5:30 pmclosed on Mondays, + 33 1 30 83 78 00price of a call to France, Musical Fountains Shows and Musical Gardens, forced to leave Versailles in October 1789, Research centre of the Palace of Versailles. Revise your French history with help from the artworks of the Palace of Versailles! Discover this painting in our video profile: However, less than four years after his election, the coup d’état of 2 December 1851 transformed the presidency of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte into a new imperial regime. The Palace of Versailles found itself right in the middle of all this change and, today, the museum’s collections bear traces of … Public opinion associated this economic crisis with the monarchy itself. Various responses to this major event in French history are still remembered today, such as this one, by Deputy Bailly: “Go tell your master that the nation assembled takes orders from no one”; or this, by Deputy Mirabeau: “We are here at the will of the people, and will leave only at the point of a bayonet”. Roll’s painting depicts the celebration of the centenary of the calling of the Estates General in May 1789. The Palace of Versailles had come to be seen as an emblem of the country’s shared heritage; it was in this period that artists from all horizons began to appropriate the royal palace, and Versailles inspired homages and imitations all over the world. Some were even said to have been flipped over to the white side – symbolising the king. In 1791, shortly after the event took place, David created an initial sketch. Napoleon Bonaparte is shown here during his time as First Consul. Angered by this kind of out-of-touch behavior, the French people began rebelling against the royals in 1789, launching the famous French Revolution. It can be used without an Internet connection. Adopt a linden tree online and contribute to the replanting of the linden tree Alley at the Mortemets, to bring the royal perspectives back to life in the park of Versailles. As he was leaving Versailles, Louis XVI still believed that the court might soon return. The women were soon joined by representatives of the rioters, which compromised the safety of the royal family. Sie ist Verwaltungssitz (französisch: chef-lieu) des Départements Yvelines (78) und seit 1801 Sitz des Bistums Versailles.Der elegante Wohnort im Einzugsbereich von Paris ist auch Garnisonsstadt und einer der bedeutendsten Fremdenverkehrsorte des Landes. At this point, towards the end of the 18th century, the French court, with Versailles as its epicentre, was one of the most dazzling in Europe. In 1790 he received a commission from the Society of Friends of the Constitution to make his grandiose vision a reality. Having reconvened in the Royal Tennis Court, the deputies from the three orders took an oath vowing “not to separate and to meet wherever circumstances require, until the Constitution of the kingdom is established and grounded on solid foundations”. In the Royal Courtyard, in front of the Palace, the crowd cried “To Paris! The image below depicts the Tennis Court Oath of 20 June 1789, in a sketch by Jacques-Louis David. The first session was presided over by Louis XVI himself. It is at this point that the Palace of Versailles ceased to be a royal residence. But, faced with growing opposition, Louis-Philippe was eventually toppled by another revolution in February 1848. The Second Republic formally came to an end in 1852, replaced by the Second Empire. Toasts were raised to the royal family, who were hailed when they appeared. La Belle Epoque at the Palace of Versailles. Leading up to the March In 1789 France, the main food of the commoners was bread. In this electrifying climate, a banquet hosted on 1 October, following a performance at the Royal Opera of Versailles, seemed like the last provocation by the monarchy and its representatives. In this respect Charles X differed from his brother, renewing with royal tradition and holding a grand coronation at Reims cathedral on 29 May 1825. Die Einweihung der Orgel erfolgte am 8, Juni 1710 durch Jean-Baptiste Buterne, den Königlichen Organisten. The Palace of Versailles found itself right in the middle of all this change and, today, the museum’s collections bear traces of this key episode in France’s history. In 1804 he proclaimed himself First Consul for life, the same year that he was crowned Emperor of the French under the regnal title Napoleon I. Napoleon I presented himself as the man to rebuild France after the bloody tumult which had gripped the country since 1789. Watch this video to explore the portrait of Adolphe Thiers, President of the French Republic from 1871 to 1873, as painted by Léon Bonnat (english subtitles): In the years after the suppression of the Paris Commune, a new sense of hope gradually emerged. The Palace of Versailles had come to be seen as an emblem of the country’s shared heritage; it was in this period that artists from all horizons began to appropriate the … This painting by Alfred Roll, now in the reserve collections of the Palace of Versailles, is a perfect illustration of this strategy. Louis XVI immediately had the Menus-Plaisir shut down, whereupon the deputies relocated to a nearby venue: the Royal Tennis Court. Schloss in versailles - Der absolute Gewinner unseres Teams. Keenly aware of the political divisions which had riven the country since 1789, his aim was to unite the French people. The Estates General remained in session until 17 June 1789. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ausbruch der Französischen Revolution die Hauptresidenz der Könige von Frankreich . Younger brother of Louis XVI, Louis Stanislas Xavier de France lived in exile from 1791 to 1814. Following the defeat of Napoleon I at the hands of a coalition of European monarchies, the Bourbons were restored to the throne in the person of Louis XVIII (succeeded by Charles X), establishing a system of constitutional monarchy now known as the Restoration period. He can be seen in the top left of this painting by Auguste Couder, sitting on his throne up on a podium, behind Necker, who has the floor. The new financial comptroller decided to adopt a more rigorous economic policy. Considered a peace treaty by the victors, but more like a diktat by the defeated parties, the Treaty of Versailles sowed the seeds for the second global conflict, which would break out twenty years later. The collections of the Palace of Versailles. 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